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Samma dynasty
The Samma dynasty ((シンド語:سمن جو راڄ), (ウルドゥー語:سلسله سماں)) ruled in Sindh and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351 to 1524 AD, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty. The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with magnificent structures including the necropolis of and royalties in Thatta.〔http://books.google.co.in/books?id=63maAAAAIAAJ&q=yadav+rajputs&dq=yadav+rajputs&hl=en&ei=kXyZTYzZJ8jZrQfzppH0Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAThu〕〔Population Census of Pakistan, 1972: Jacobabad〕
==Background==
The Sindh is a fertile valley with a sub-tropical climate watered by the Indus river, the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world, with settlements dating back to 7000 BCE. Always a prize possession, it has been controlled by many different empires, alternating with periods of independence. Before the Samma dynasty took control, the Sindh was ruled by the Soomra, first as nominal vassals of the Fatimid Caliphate of Cairo, later as vassals of the Delhi Sultanate, which reached its greatest extent under Muhammad bin Tughluq ( 1300–1351).
The Sammas, a Rajput tribe, gained control of Thatta in the southern Sindh from the Sumras around 1335, and expanded their territory northward to Bhakkar and beyond. In 1361-62, Firuz Shah Tughlaq of Delhi Sultanate, invaded Sindh and again brought Sammas under his suzerainty.〔http://archive.org/stream/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp_djvu.txt〕 Throughout the period of the Samma dynasty, Turkic groups were pushing down from the northwest, including those led by Timur (Tamerlane) who sacked Delhi in 1398. Sindh remained under control of Khizr Khan, founder of Sayyid dynasty, who was an who was an appointed governor of Sindh and Multan provinces by Timur on his behalf. Sammas remained under Sayyid dynasty till 1451.〔http://archive.org/stream/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp_djvu.txt〕 Later Sammas were finally defeated by the Arghun dynasty, who had been displaced from Kandahar in Afghanistan by Babur, in 1519–1520 AD.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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